This is the archive for March 2011
Octavio Paz Lozano (March 31, 1914 – April 19, 1998) was a Mexican writer, poet, and diplomat, and the winner of the 1990 Nobel Prize in Literature.
Early life and writings
Octavio Paz was born in Mexico City, Mexico during tumultuous times, as his country was undergoing a revolution. Born to Josefina Lozano, a religious woman, and Octavio Paz senior, who was a journalist and lawyer for Emiliano Zapata involved in agrarian reform following the revolution, activities which caused him to be largely absent from home. Paz was raised in the village of Mixcoac (now a part of Mexico City) by his mother, his aunt and by his paternal grandfather, a liberal intellectual, novelist and former soldier supporter of President Porfirio Díaz.
Read Octavio Paz' 1990 Nobel Lecture, given when he received the Nobel Prize for Literature, free from nobelprize.org.
Posted by courier at 12:34 AM. Filed under: In Quotes
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From wikipedia:
Naomi Ruth Sims (March 30, 1948 - August 1, 2009) was an African American model, businesswoman and author, who is widely credited as being the first African American supermodel.
Sims was born in Oxford, Mississippi, the youngest of three daughters born to John and Elizabeth Sims. Her father (whom she never knew) reportedly worked as a porter, but Sims' mother later described him "an absolute bum" and her parents divorced shortly after she was born.She was teased for her height of 5’10 at age 13. Mrs Sims later moved with her three daughters to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania where Naomi was subsequently raised by a foster family. She attended Westinghouse High School. There due to her height, she was ostracized by many of her classmates. Sims credited her upbringing as a Catholic for helping to get her through adolescence.
See photos of Naomi Sims, free from Essence magazine.
Posted by courier at 09:12 AM. Filed under: In Quotes
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Enea Bossi, Sr. (29 March 1888–1963) was an Italian-American aerospace engineer and aviation pioneer. He is best-known for designing the Budd BB-1 Pioneer, the first stainless steel aircraft; and also the Pedaliante airplane, disputably credited with the first fully human-powered flight.
Read more about Enea Bossi, free from usariseup.com.
Posted by courier at 08:05 AM. Filed under: In Quotes
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From wikipedia:
Jorge Mario Pedro Vargas Llosa, 1st Marquis of Vargas Llosa (born March 28, 1936) is a Peruvian-Spanish writer, politician, journalist, essayist, and Nobel Prize laureate. Vargas Llosa is one of Latin America's most significant novelists and essayists, and one of the leading authors of his generation. Some critics consider him to have had a larger international impact and worldwide audience than any other writer of the Latin American Boom. He was awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize in Literature "for his cartography of structures of power and his trenchant images of the individual's resistance, revolt, and defeat".
Watch Mario Vargas Llosa give his Nobel Prize banquet speech, free from Nobelprize.org.
Posted by courier at 09:59 AM. Filed under: In Quotes
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From wikipedia:
Eisaku Satō (March 27, 1901 – June 3, 1975) was a Japanese politician and the 61st, 62nd and 63rd Prime Minister of Japan, elected on November 9, 1964, and re-elected on February 17, 1967, and January 14, 1970, serving until July 7, 1972. He was the longest continual serving prime minister in the history of Japan.
Satō was born in Tabuse, Yamaguchi Prefecture, and studied German law at Tokyo Imperial University. In 1923, he passed the senior civil service examinations, and in the following year, upon graduation, became a civil servant in the Ministry of Railways. He served as Director of the Osaka Railways Bureau from 1944 to 1946 and Vice-Minister for Transportation from 1947 to 1948.
Satō entered the Diet in 1949 as a member of the Liberal Party.
Read Eisaku Satō's Dec. 11, 1974 Nobel Lecture, "The Pursuit of Peace and Japan in the Nuclear Age," free from Nobelprize.org.
Posted by courier at 07:53 AM. Filed under: In Quotes
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Syngman Rhee or Yi Seungman (March 26, 1875 – July 19, 1965) was the first president of South Korea. His presidency, from August 1948 to April 1960, remains controversial, affected by Cold War tensions on the Korean peninsula and elsewhere. Rhee was regarded as an anti-Communist and a strongman, and led South Korea through the Korean War. His presidency ended in resignation following popular protests against a disputed election. He died in exile in Hawaii.
Syngman Rhee was born in Hwanghae Province to Yi Gyeong-seon, a royal aristocrat. By birth, Rhee was a member of a royal cadet branch of the House of Yi, the House of Grand Prince Royal Yangnyeong. He attended Pai Chai Hak Dang, but he soon became active in Korea's struggle against Japanese hegemony. He was arrested in 1897 for demonstrating against the Japanese monarchy, being subsequently released in 1904 and going to the United States. He obtained several degrees (including a B.A. from George Washington University, Harvard University, and a Ph.D. from Princeton University) and became so Westernized that he began writing his name in the Western manner, with the personal name preceding the family name.
Read more about Syngman Rhee, free from time.com.
Posted by courier at 07:22 PM. Filed under: In Quotes
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From wikipedia:
Jaime Sabines Gutiérrez (March 25, 1926 - March 19, 1999) was a Mexican contemporary poet. Known as “the sniper of Literature”[citation needed] as he formed part of a group that transformed literature into reality, he wrote ten volumes of poetry, and his work has been translated into more than twelve languages. His writings chronicle the experience of everyday people in places such as the street, hospital, and playground. Sabines was also a politician.
Sabines was born on March 25, 1926 in Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas.
Read Jaime Sabines' poem, "The Moon."
Posted by courier at 08:09 AM. Filed under: In Quotes
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From wikipedia:
Ignacio Zaragoza Seguín (March 24,1829 – September 8, 1862) was a general in the Mexican Army, best known for defeating invading French forces at the Battle of Puebla on May 5, 1862 (the Cinco de Mayo).
Zaragoza was born in la Bahía del Espíritu Santo, in what was then the Mexican state of Coahuila y Tejas, now the city of Goliad, Texas, in the United States. The Zaragoza family moved to Matamoros in 1834 and then to Monterrey in 1844, where young Ignacio entered the seminary.
Read more about Ignacio Zaragoza, free from the Texas State Historical Association.
Posted by courier at 10:06 AM. Filed under: In Quotes
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From wikipedia:
Encarnacion A. Alzona (March 23, 1895 – March 13, 2001) was a pioneering Filipino historian, educator and suffragette. The first Filipino woman to obtain a Ph.D., she was conferred in 1985 the rank and title of National Scientist of the Philippines.
Alzona was born in Biñan, Laguna and grew up in Tayabas. Her father was a trial court judge and a distant relative of Jose Rizal. Both her parents were voracious readers, a circumstance that fostered her academic inclinations. She obtained a degree in history from the University of the Philippines in 1917, and a master's degree the following year from the same university. Her thesis was a historical survey on the school education of women in the Philippines, a theme that proved apt in light of her later activism as a suffragette.
Read
Some French contemporary opinions of the Russian revolution of 1905By Encarnación Alzona, free googlebooks.com.
Posted by courier at 08:11 AM. Filed under: In Quotes
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Juan Gris portrait
by Man Ray(March 23, 1887 – May 11, 1927), better known as
Juan Gris, was a Spanish painter and sculptor who lived and worked in France most of his life. His works are closely connected to the emergence of an innovative artistic genre—Cubism, creating several of the movement's most distinctive works.
Born in Madrid, he studied mechanical drawing at the Escuela de Artes y Manufacturas in Madrid from 1902 to 1904, during which time he contributed drawings to local periodicals. From 1904 to 1905 he studied painting with the academic artist José Maria Carbonero. It was probably in 1905 that José González adopted the more distinctive pseudonym Juan Gris.
Learn more about Juan Gris, and see examples of his work, free from artchive.com.
Posted by courier at 09:10 AM. Filed under: In Quotes
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From wikipedia:
Eddie James "Son" House, Jr. (March 21, 1902 – October 19, 1988) was an American blues singer and guitarist. House pioneered an innovative style featuring strong, repetitive rhythms, often played with the aid of slide guitar, and his singing often incorporated elements of southern gospel and spiritual music.
House was an important influence on Muddy Waters and also on Robert Johnson. A seminal Delta blues figure, he remains influential today, with his music being covered by blues-rock groups such as The White Stripes.
Listen to Son House perform "My Black Mama, Part 1," recorded in 1930 and presented free by the Internet Archive.
Posted by courier at 12:44 AM. Filed under: In Quotes
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From wikipedia:
Alfonso García Robles (20 March 1911 – 2 September 1991) was a Mexican diplomat and politician who, in conjunction with Sweden's Alva Myrdal, received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1982.
García Robles was born in Zamora, Michoacán, and trained in law at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) before joining his country's foreign service in 1939. He served as a delegate to the 1945 San Francisco Conference that established the United Nations. He was ambassador to Brazil from 1962 to 1964, and was state secretary to the ministry of foreign affairs from 1964 to 1970. In 1971-75 he served as his country's representative to the United Nations before an appointment as foreign minister in 1975-76. He was then appointed as Mexico's permanent representative to the Committee on Disarmament.
Read Alfonso Garcia Robles' Nobel Peace Prize acceptance speech, free from nobelprize.org.
Posted by courier at 12:38 AM. Filed under: In Quotes
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From wikipedia:
Edith Nourse Rogers (March 19, 1881 – September 10, 1960) was an American social welfare volunteer and politician who was one of the first women to serve in the United States Congress. She was the first woman elected to congress from Massachusetts. To date she is the longest serving Congresswoman, and in her 35 years in the House of Representatives she was a powerful voice for veterans and sponsored seminal legislation, including the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944 (commonly known as the G.I. Bill), which provided educational and financial benefits for soldiers returning home from World War II, the 1942 bill that created the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC), and the 1943 bill that created the Women's Army Corps (WAC). She was also instrumental in bringing federal appropriations to her constituency, Massachusetts's 5th congressional district.
Learn more about Edith Nourse Rogers, free from womenincongress.house.gov.
Posted by courier at 08:09 AM. Filed under: In Quotes
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Wilfred Edward Salter Owen MC (18 March 1893 – 4 November 1918) was a British poet and soldier, one of the leading poets of the First World War. His shocking, realistic war poetry on the horrors of trenches and gas warfare was heavily influenced by his friend Siegfried Sassoon and sat in stark contrast to both the public perception of war at the time, and to the confidently patriotic verse written earlier by war poets such as Rupert Brooke. Some of his best-known works—most of which were published posthumously—include "Dulce et Decorum Est", "Insensibility", "Anthem for Doomed Youth", "Futility" and "Strange Meeting". His preface intended for a book of poems to be published in 1919 contains numerous well-known phrases, especially "War, and the pity of War", and "the Poetry is in the pity".
Learn more about Wilfred Owen and his poetry, free from warpoetry.co.uk.
Posted by courier at 09:56 AM. Filed under: In Quotes
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From wikipedia:
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (March 17, 1920 – August 15, 1975) was a Bengali politician and the founding leader of the People's Republic of Bangladesh, generally considered in the country as the father of the Bangladeshi nation. He headed the Awami League, served as the first President of Bangladesh and later became its Prime Minister. He is popularly referred to as Sheikh Mujib, and with the honorary title of Bangabandhu. His eldest daughter Sheikh Hasina Wajed is the present leader of the Awami League and the current Prime Minister of Bangladesh.
Read more about Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, free from storyofpakistan.com.
Posted by courier at 11:32 AM. Filed under: In Quotes
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From wikipedia:
Tsutomu Yamaguchi (March 16, 1916 – January 4, 2010), was a Japanese national who survived both the Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bombings during World War II. Although at least 160 people are known to have been affected by both bombings, he is the only person to have been officially recognized by the government of Japan as surviving both explosions.
A resident of Nagasaki, Yamaguchi was in Hiroshima on business for his employer Mitsubishi Heavy Industries when the city was bombed at 8:15am on August 6, 1945. The following day he returned to Nagasaki and, despite his wounds, returned to work on August 9, the day of the second atomic bombing. In 1957 he was recognized as a hibakusha (explosion-affected person) of the Nagasaki bombing, but it was not until March 24, 2009 that the government of Japan officially recognised his presence in Hiroshima three days earlier. He died of stomach cancer on January 4, 2010.
Read more about Tsutomu Yamaguchi, free from The Economist.
Posted by courier at 10:00 AM. Filed under: In Quotes
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From wikipedia:
Mariano Álvarez (March 15, 1818 – August 25, 1924) was a Filipino revolutionary and politician.
Álvarez was born in Noveleta, Cavite. He received formal schooling at the San José College in Manila, and obtained a teacher's diploma. He returned to Cavite and worked as a schoolteacher in Naic and Maragondon. He was married to Nicolasa Virata in 1863. Their son Santiago was born in 1872.
Read more about Mariano Alvarez in The katipunan and the revolution: memoirs of a general by Santiago V. Alvarez, free from googlebooks.com.
Posted by courier at 08:39 AM. Filed under: In Quotes
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From wikipedia:
Charles Ammi Cutter (14 March 1837 – 6 September 1903) is an important figure in the history of American library science.
Born in Boston, Massachusetts, Cutter was appointed assistant librarian of Harvard Divinity School while still a student there. After graduation, Cutter worked as a librarian at Harvard College, where he developed a new form of index catalog, using cards instead of published volumes, containing both an author index and a "classed catalog" or a rudimentary form of subject index.
Read "The Buffalo Public Library in 1983 by , free from wikisource.org.
Posted by courier at 08:14 AM. Filed under: In Quotes
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From wikipedia:
Donella H. "Dana" Meadows (March 13, 1941 Elgin, Illinois, USA - February 20, 2001, Hanover, New Hampshire) was a pioneering American environmental scientist, teacher and writer. She is best known as lead author of the influential book
The Limits to Growth, which made headlines around the world.
Born in Elgin, Illinois, Meadows was educated in science, receiving a B.A. in chemistry from Carleton College in 1963, and a Ph.D. in biophysics from Harvard in 1968. After a year-long trip with her husband, Dennis Meadows, from England to Sri Lanka and back, she became along with him, a research fellow at MIT as a member of a team in the department created by Jay Forrester, the inventor of system dynamics as well as the principle of magnetic data storage for computers. She taught at Dartmouth College for 29 years, beginning in 1972.
Read The Donella Meadows Archive: Voice of a Global Citizen, free from sustainer.org.
Posted by courier at 04:03 PM. Filed under: In Quotes
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From wikipedia:
Johnnie Mae Young (born March 12, 1923) is an American professional wrestler and currently a WWE Ambassador.
Young was an influential pioneer in women's wrestling, helping to increase its popularity during World War II and training many generations of wrestlers. She wrestled throughout the United States and Canada, and won multiple titles in the National Wrestling Alliance.
Beginning in 1999, Young had a high-profile "second career" in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). Young was part of a recurring comedic duo with best friend The Fabulous Moolah in appearances on WWE televised events. She is a member of the Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame and the WWE Hall of Fame.
Learn more about Mae Young, free from wwe.com.
Posted by courier at 12:31 AM. Filed under: In Quotes
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From wikipedia:
Ralph David Abernathy, Sr. (March 11, 1926 – April 17, 1990) was a leader of the American Civil Rights Movement, a minister, and a close associate of Martin Luther King, Jr. in the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Following King's assassination, Dr. Abernathy took up the leadership of the SCLC Poor People's Campaign and led the March on Washington, D.C. that had been planned for May 1968.
He was born March 11, 1926 to W. L. Abernathy on the family 500-acre (2.0 km2) farm in Marengo County, Alabama. After serving in the United States Army during World War II, he enrolled at Alabama State University. In 1951 he earned a Masters of Science degree in sociology from Atlanta University (later Clark Atlanta University). As an officer of the Montgomery, Alabama NAACP, he organized the first mass meeting of the Montgomery Bus Boycott to protest Rosa Park's arrest on December 1,1955. He co-founded the Civil Rights Movement with Martin Luther King, Jr. As the Vice President of the Montgomery Improvement Association, he completed his Master’s Thesis in Sociology for Atlanta University, The Natural History of A Social Movement: The Montgomery Improvement Association, which was first referenced in 1984, then published as a chapter in 1989.
See photos of Ralph Abernathy, free from Life magazine.
Posted by courier at 11:25 AM. Filed under: In Quotes
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From wikipedia:
Alfred H. Peet (March 10, 1920 – August 29, 2007) was a Dutch-American entrepreneur and the founder of Peet's Coffee & Tea in Berkeley, California, in 1966. He is most famous for introducing custom coffee roasting to the United States.
Peet was born in Alkmaar, Netherlands, where his father ran a small coffee roastery before World War II. After the war, Peet left London, where he had apprenticed with a coffee and tea company, and worked as a tea taster in the Dutch East Indies and New Zealand before immigrating to San Francisco, California in 1955, where he worked in the coffee importing industry.
Learn more about Alfred Peet and Peet's Coffee, free from peets.com.
Posted by courier at 10:11 AM. Filed under: In Quotes
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From wikipedia:
Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin (9 March 1934 – 27 March 1968), Hero of the Soviet Union, was a Soviet cosmonaut who on 12 April 1961 became the first human to journey into outer space.
Yuri Gagarin was born in the village of Klushino near Gzhatsk (now in Smolensk Oblast, Russia), on 9 March 1934. The adjacent town of Gzhatsk was renamed Gagarin in 1968 in his honour. His parents, Alexey Ivanovich Gagarin and Anna Timofeyevna Gagarina, worked on a collective farm. While manual labourers are described in official reports as "peasants", this may be an oversimplification if applied to his parents — his mother was reportedly a voracious reader, and his father a skilled carpenter. Yuri was the third of four children, and his elder sister helped raise him while his parents worked. Like millions of people in the Soviet Union, the Gagarin family suffered during Nazi occupation in World War II. His two older siblings were deported to Nazi Germany for slave labour in 1943, and did not return until after the war. While a youth, Yuri became interested in space and planets, and began to dream about his space tour which would one day become a reality.
Learn more about Yuri Gagarin, free from ispyspace.com.
Posted by courier at 10:17 AM. Filed under: In Quotes
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From wikipedia:
Juana de Ibarbourou, also known as Juana de América, (1892–1979) was a Uruguayan poet of Galician origin. She was one of the most popular poets of Spanish America. Her poetry, the earliest of which is often highly erotic, is notable for her identification of her feelings with nature around her.
She was born Juana Fernández Morales on March 8, 1895, in Melo, Cerro Largo, Uruguay. The date of Juana's birth is often given as March 8, 1895, but according to a local state civil registry signed by two witnesses, the year was actually 1892. Juana began studies at the José Pedro Varela school in 1899 and moved to a religious school the following year, and two public schools afterwards. In 1909, at 17 years old, she published a prose piece, "Derechos femeninos" (female rights), beginning a lifelong career as a prominent feminist.
Read English translations of Juana de Ibarbourou's writing, free from ibarbourou.blogspot.com.
Posted by courier at 12:37 AM. Filed under: In Quotes
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From wikipedia:
Pieter Cornelis "Piet" Mondriaan, after 1912
Mondrian (March 7, 1872 – February 1, 1944), was a Dutch painter.
He was an important contributor to the De Stijl art movement and group, which was founded by Theo van Doesburg. He evolved a non-representational form which he termed Neo-Plasticism. This consisted of white ground, upon which was painted a grid of vertical and horizontal black lines and the three primary colors.
Between his 1905 painting,
The River Amstel, and his 1907
Amaryllis, Mondrian changed the spelling of his signature from Mondriaan to Mondrian.
Learn more about Piet Mondrian and see examples of his work, free from Artcyclopedia.com.
Posted by courier at 11:31 AM. Filed under: In Quotes
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From wikipedia:
Hercule-Savinien de Cyrano de Bergerac (6 March 1619 – 28 July 1655) was a French dramatist and duelist. He is now best remembered for the works of fiction which have been woven, often very loosely, around his life story, most notably the 1897 play by Edmond Rostand. In these fictional works he is featured with an overly large nose; portraits suggest that he did have a big nose, though not nearly as large as described in Rostand's play and the subsequent works about him.
Research indicates that around 1640 he became the lover of Charles Coypeau d'Assoucy, a writer and musician, until around 1653, when they became engaged in a bitter rivalry. This led to Bergerac sending d'Assoucy death threats that compelled him to leave Paris. The quarrel extended to a series of satirical texts by both men. Bergerac wrote
Contre Soucidas (an anagram of his enemy's name) and
Contre un ingrat ("Against an Ingrate"), while D’Assoucy counterattacked with
Le Combat de Cyrano de Bergerac avec le singe de Brioché, au bout du Pont-Neuf
Read Cyrano de Bergerac's The Other World, free from bewilderingtories.com.
Posted by courier at 12:13 AM. Filed under: In Quotes
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From wikipedia:
Adriana Barraza (born March 5, 1956) is a Mexican film and television actress and director. She has also been nominated for a Golden Globe, two Screen Actors Guild Awards, a Broadcast Film Critics Association and an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. She is also a veteran actress of Televisa telenovelas. Barraza is the third Mexican actress to be nominated for an Academy Award, in a year when ten Mexicans were nominated at the 79th Academy Awards.
Barraza was born in Toluca in Central Mexico, and has lived since 1974 with her Argentine husband in Chihuahua. While her spouse taught on the philosophy faculty of the Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, she studied acting at the fine arts school, worked and raised her daughter.
Watch an interview with Adriana Barraza, free from Movieweb.com.
Posted by courier at 09:58 AM. Filed under: In Quotes
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From wikipedia:
Rebecca Gratz (b. March 4, 1781, Lancaster, Pennsylvania; d. August 27, 1869, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) was a preeminent Jewish American educator and philanthropist.
Gratz was the seventh of twelve children born to Miriam Simon and Michael. Her mother was the daughter of Joseph Simon (1712-1804), a preeminent Jewish merchant of Lancaster, while her father was descended from a long line of respected rabbis. Miriam and Michael were observant Jews and active members of Philadelphia’s first synagogue, Mikveh Israel.
Learn more about Rebecca Gratz at the Jewish Women's Archive.
Posted by courier at 12:58 AM. Filed under: In Quotes
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From wikipedia:
Charles Ponzi (March 3, 1882 – January 18, 1949) was born in Italy and became known as a swindler for his money scheme. His aliases include Charles Ponei, Charles P. Bianchi, Carl and Carlo. The term "Ponzi scheme" was coined because of Charles Ponzi's scam and today it is the description of any scam that pays early investors returns from the investments of later investors. Charles Ponzi promised clients a 50% profit within 45 days, or 100% profit within 90 days, by buying discounted postal reply coupons in other countries and redeeming them at face value in the United States as a form of arbitrage. Ponzi was probably inspired by the scheme of William F. Miller, a Brooklyn bookkeeper who in 1899 used the same scheme to take in $1 million.
Read more about "Ponzi schemes," free from the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
Posted by courier at 08:12 AM. Filed under: In Quotes
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From wikipedia:
Morris "Moe" Berg (March 2, 1902, New York, New York – May 29, 1972, Belleville, New Jersey) was an American professional baseball player who later served as a spy for the Office of Strategic Services during World War II. Although he spent 15 seasons in Major League Baseball, Berg was never more than an average player, and was better known for being "the brainiest guy in baseball' than for anything he accomplished in the game. The Bergs were never religiously observant, although being Jewish did contribute to Moe's sense of being an outsider in mid-twentieth century America. Casey Stengel once described Berg as "the strangest man ever to play baseball."
Learn more about Moe Berg at the Jewish-American Museum.
Posted by courier at 12:55 AM. Filed under: In Quotes
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From wikipedia:
Phạm Văn Đồng (March 1, 1906 – April 29, 2000) was an associate of Hồ Chí Minh. He served as Prime Minister of North Vietnam from 1955 through 1976, and was Prime Minister of reunified Vietnam from 1976 until he retired in 1987.
According to an official report, Phạm Văn Đồng was born into a family of civil servants in Đức Tân village, Mộ Đức district, in Quảng Ngãi province on the central coast on March 1, 1906.
Watch a video of Phạm Văn Đồng, free from youtube.com.
Posted by courier at 08:11 AM. Filed under: In Quotes
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